Well, the hryvnia (UAH) has fared even worse than the ruble (RUB), but it's a different story. [For the record, UAH is not considered a major currency.]
Part of the hryvnia's decline is of course the terrible condition of Ukraine's economy -- made much, much worse by Russia's war of aggression. And part of it is the atmosphere of unpredictability under war conditions.
However, a big part of the decline is a change in monetary policy. For many years, the Ukrainian government maintained a nearly fixed exchange rate, keeping the UAH artificially strong. For a long time it was 5/USD, and after the crisis of 2008 shifted to 8/USD.
In foreign exchange, a currency is considered to have a "natural" rate that would be set by markets based on good old supply-and-demand. But some governments set monetary policies to change that rate. For example, the People's Republic of China has a famous and controversial policy of keeping their currency artificially WEAK, because that encourages other countries to buy Chinese goods.
I suppose that by a similar token, Ukraine kept the UAH artificially strong to make foreign goods more affordable.
Allowing the UAH to float was one of the economic reforms the West was demanding in exchange for financial assistance (desperately needed by Ukraine). And in any case, propping up the currency was a costly policy that Ukraine couldn't afford any longer.
So, a lot of the movement during the past year has been due to the government's allowing the currency to float -- the UAH is now at its natural exchange rate. It spiked to 13/USD in late March, and stabilized just below 12/USD until late July. In August, it shot up toward 13 again (I'm only speculating, but possibly due to Russia's stepped-up invasion of Donbass). It nearly touched 14/USD in late August, and since then has most stayed in the range of 13.5 to 13.
Looking forward, I expect the UAH to act as a barometer of world confidence in Ukraine's economic direction. If there is some stability, and evidence that real reforms are taking place, the hryvnia should gradually strengthen -- but perhaps never to the artificial rates we used to see.